According to [futures.task.members] p.18:

[A] successful call to [packaged_task::]operator() synchronizes with a call to any member function of a future or shared_future object that shares the shared state of *this.

This requires that the call to operator() synchronizes with calls to future::wait_for, future::wait_until, shared_future::wait_for, and shared_future::wait_until, even when these functions return because of a timeout.