Proposed resolution:

This wording is relative to N4659.

1. Edit [func.bind.bind] as indicated:

   template<class F, class... BoundArgs>
     unspecified bind(F&& f, BoundArgs&&... bound_args);
   

   […]

   -3- Returns: A forwarding call wrapper g ([func.require]). The effect of g(u₁, u₂, ..., u_M) shall be

   INVOKE(static_cast<FD cv &>(fd), std::forward<V1>(v1), 
     std::forward<V2>(v2), ..., std::forward<VN>(vN))
   

   where cv represents the cv-qualifiers of g and the values and types of the bound arguments v₁, v₂, . . . , v_N are determined as specified below. The copy constructor and move constructor of the forwarding call wrapper shall throw an exception if and only if the corresponding constructor of FD or of any of the types TD_i throws an exception.

   […]

   template<class R, class F, class... BoundArgs>
     unspecified bind(F&& f, BoundArgs&&... bound_args);
   

   […]

   -7- Returns: A forwarding call wrapper g ([func.require]). The effect of g(u₁, u₂, ..., u_M) shall be

   INVOKE<R>(static_cast<FD cv &>(fd), std::forward<V1>(v1), 
     std::forward<V2>(v2), ..., std::forward<VN>(vN))
   

   where cv represents the cv-qualifiers of g and the values and types of the bound arguments v₁, v₂, . . . , v_N are determined as specified below. The copy constructor and move constructor of the forwarding call wrapper shall throw an exception if and only if the corresponding constructor of FD or of any of the types TD_i throws an exception.

   […]

   -10- The values of the bound arguments v₁, v₂, ... , v_N and their corresponding types V₁, V₂, ... , V_N depend on the types TD_i derived from the call to bind and the cv-qualifiers cv of the call wrapper g as follows:

   1. (10.1) — […]

   2. (10.2) — if the value of is_bind_expression_v<TD_i> is true, the argument is static_cast<TD_i cv &>(td_i)(std::forward<U_j>(u_j)...) and its type V_i is invoke_result_t<TD_i cv &, U_j...>&&;

   3. (10.3) — […]

[ 2020-01 Resolved by the adoption of P1065 in Cologne. ]

[ 2017-07 Toronto Wed Issue Prioritization ]

Priority 3

According to [func.bind.bind]/1.2,

fd is an lvalue of type FD constructed from std::forward<F>(f),

and then uses fd throughout the specification, seemingly without regard to the cv-qualification of the call wrapper g. But this definition means that fd is always cv-unqualified, rather than having its cv-qualification change with that of g as intended.

LWG 2545 accidentally exacerbated the problem by removing any hint that fd's cv-qualifier followed that of the call wrapper.

A similar issue affects the type of td_i for nested binds.