Proposed resolution:

This wording is relative to N4296.

1. Change [function.objects] p2 "Header <functional> synopsis" as depicted:

   namespace placeholders {
     // M is the implementation-defined number of placeholders
     see belowextern unspecified _1;
     see belowextern unspecified _2;
     ...
     see belowextern unspecified _M;
   }
   

2. Change [func.bind.place] p2 as depicted:

   namespace std::placeholders {
     // M is the implementation-defined number of placeholders
     see belowextern unspecified _1;
     see belowextern unspecified _2;
                .
                .
                .
     see belowextern unspecified _M;
   }
   

   -1- All placeholder types shall be DefaultConstructible and CopyConstructible, and their default constructors and copy/move constructors shall not throw exceptions. It is implementation-defined whether placeholder types are CopyAssignable. CopyAssignable placeholders' copy assignment operators shall not throw exceptions.

   -?- Placeholders should be defined as:

   constexpr unspecified _1{};
   

   If they are not, they shall be declared as:

   extern unspecified _1;
   

[ 2015-05-07 Lenexa: Move to Immediate ]

STL: I'd like this one immediate.

Jonathan: I want to think about forcing constexpr, but the current issue, I have no objections. I'd say ready, but I won't object to immediate if STL wants it.

Marshall: You should report in Kona how it worked out.

STL: We went around a bit on the reflector about how to phrase the encouragement.

Jonathan: I think the shall may be not quite right.

Marshall: I see, you can change your implementation, but you don't.

Jonathan: There's precedent for the shall, but it's wrong, see editorial issue 493.

STL: I would prefer not to ask Daniel to reword, and 493 can fix it later.

Marshall: I remove my objection to immediate because it doesn't force implementations to change.

Marshall: Any other discussion?

Marshall: Immediate vote: 6. Opposed, 0. Abstain, 1.

piecewise_construct ([pair.piecewise]), allocator_arg ([allocator.tag]), and adopt_lock/defer_lock/try_to_lock ([thread.lock]) are all required to be constexpr with internal linkage. bind()'s placeholders should be allowed to follow this modern practice, for increased consistency and reduced implementer headaches (header-only is easier than separately-compiled).