Proposed resolution (approved by CWG 2026-03-26):

1. Change in 6.7 [basic.link] paragraph 8 as follows:

   Two declarations of entities declare the same entity if, considering declarations of unnamed types to introduce their names for linkage purposes, if any (9.2.4 [dcl.typedef], 9.8.1 [dcl.enum]), they correspond (6.4.1 [basic.scope.scope]), have the same target scope that is not a function or template parameter scope, neither is a name-independent declaration, and either

   • they appear in the same translation unit, or
   • they both declare type aliases or namespace aliases that have the same underlying entity, or
   • they both declare names with module or external linkage and are attached to the same module, or.
   • they both declare names with external linkage.

   [Note 3: There are other circumstances in which declarations declare the same entity (9.12 [dcl.link], 13.6 [temp.type], 13.7.6 [temp.spec.partial]). —end note]

2. Change in 6.7 [basic.link] paragraph 10 as follows:

   [ Note: If two declarations of an entity correspond but are attached to different modules, the program is ill-formed; no diagnostic is required if neither is reachable from one precedes the other (6.4.1 [basic.scope.scope]) -- end note ] . [Example 2:

     "decls.h":
       int f();  // #1, attached to the global module
       int g();  // #2, attached to the global module
   
     Module interface of M:
   
     module;
     #include "decls.h"
     export module M;
     export using ::f;  // OK, does not declare an entity, exports #1
     int g();           // error: matches corresponds to #2, but attached to M
     export int h();    // #3
     export int k();    // #4
   
     Other translation unit:
   
     import M;
     static int h();    // error: matches conflicts with #3
     int k();           // error: matches conflicts with #4 
   

All C++ implementations have converged on "strong ownership" of modules, with none planning to implement "weak ownership". This disposition no longer serves any purpose other than removing certainty.