Suggested resolution:

Add a new bullet after 7.7 [expr.const] bullet 10.22 as follows:

• ...
• a construction of an exception object, unless the exception object and all of its implicit copies created by invocations of std::current_exception or std::rethrow_exception (17.9.7 [propagation]) are destroyed within the evaluation of E;
• a throw-expression (7.6.18 [expr.throw]) with no operand, unless there is a currently handled exception whose exception object was constructed within the evaluation of E;
• ...

(From submission #756.)

Consider:

  int main() {
    try {
      throw 0;
    } catch (...) {
      constexpr int x = [] {
       try {
         throw;          // #1
       } catch (...)
         return 1;
       }
      }();
    }
  }

According to 7.6.18 [expr.throw] paragraph 3, #1 rethrows the currently handled exception as defined in 14.4 [except.handle] paragraph 10, which would rethrow the runtime exception inside a constant expression.