Consider:

  template<typename T> struct X { };

  extern template struct X<int>;       // OK
  extern template struct X<int>::X;    // well-formed explicit instantiation of X<int> ?

At issue is the phrasing "shall include" in 13.9.3 [temp.explicit] paragraph 4:

If the explicit instantiation is for a class or member class, the elaborated-type-specifier in the declaration shall include a simple-template-id; otherwise, the declaration shall be a simple-declaration whose init-declarator-list comprises a single init-declarator that does not have an initializer. ...

Furthermore, explicit instantiations with a nested-name-specifier do not seem to be declarative.

Possible resolution:

1. Change in 13.9.3 [temp.explicit] paragraph 4 as follows:

   If the declaration in an explicit instantiation is an elaborated-type-specifier, it shall be of the form

   class-key nested-name-specifieropt templateopt simple-template-id
   

   and the explicit instantiation is for a class template or member class, the elaborated-type-specifier in the declaration shall include a simple-template-id; otherwise, the declaration shall be a simple-declaration whose init-declarator-list comprises a single init-declarator that does not have an initializer. ...

2. Change in 7.5.5.3 [expr.prim.id.qual] paragraph 2 as follows:

   A nested-name-specifier is declarative if it is part of

   • a class-head-name (11.1 [class.pre]),
   • an enum-head-name (9.8.1 [dcl.enum]),
   • a qualified-id that is the id-expression of a declarator-id (9.3.1 [dcl.decl.general]), or
   • an elaborated-type-specifier of an explicit instantiation (13.9.3 [temp.explicit]), or
   • a declarative nested-name-specifier.