CWG 2026-05-19

For e.g. a virtual base class VB that inherits constructors, the vtable will not be in its final state while executing inheriting constructors of VB, therefore 11.9.5 [class.cdtor] paragraph 4 through 6 are correct as written.

Proposed resolution (approved by CWG 2026-05-19):

1. Split and change 11.9.3 [class.base.init] paragraph 9 as follows:

   [Note 3: An abstract class ... -- end note ] An attempt to initialize more than one non-static data member of a union renders the program ill-formed. [Note 4: After the call to a constructor for class X ... -- end note ] [Example 6: ... -- end example ]

   An attempt to initialize more than one non-static data member of a union renders the program ill-formed.

   An object's initialization is considered complete when a non-delegating constructor for that object returns. [Note: Therefore, an object's lifetime can begin (6.8.4 [basic.life]) before all delegating constructors have completed. -- end note]

2. Change in 6.8.4 [basic.life] bullet 1.2 as follows:

   ... The lifetime of an object of type T begins when:

   • storage with the proper alignment and size for type T is obtained, and
   • its initialization (if any) is complete (including vacuous initialization) (9.5 [dcl.init], 11.9.3 [class.base.init]),

   except that ...

3. Change in 11.9.5 [class.cdtor] paragraph 2 as follows:

   During the construction initialization of an object, if the value of the object or any of its subobjects is accessed through a glvalue that is not obtained, directly or indirectly, from the constructor's this pointer, the value of the object or subobject thus obtained is unspecified.

CWG 2023-10-20

Utterances about "during construction or destruction" in 11.9.5 [class.cdtor] need to be adjusted.

Proposed resolution (approved by CWG 2023-07-14) [SUPERSEDED]:

1. Split and change 11.9.3 [class.base.init] paragraph 9 as follows:

   [Note 3: An abstract class ... -- end note ] An attempt to initialize more than one non-static data member of a union renders the program ill-formed. [Note 4: After the call to a constructor for class X ... -- end note ] [Example 6: ... -- end example ]

   An attempt to initialize more than one non-static data member of a union renders the program ill-formed.

   An object's initialization is considered complete when a non-delegating constructor for that object returns. [Note: Therefore, an object's lifetime can begin (6.8.4 [basic.life]) before all delegating constructors have completed. -- end note]

2. Change in 6.8.4 [basic.life] bullet 1.2 as follows:

   ... The lifetime of an object of type T begins when:

   • storage with the proper alignment and size for type T is obtained, and
   • its initialization (if any) is complete (including vacuous initialization) (9.5 [dcl.init], 11.9.3 [class.base.init]),

   except that ...

Subclause 6.8.4 [basic.life] paragraph 1 specifies:

... The lifetime of an object of type T begins when:

• storage with the proper alignment and size for type T is obtained, and
• its initialization (if any) is complete (including vacuous initialization) (9.5 [dcl.init]),

except that ...

It is unclear whether initialization is considered complete when the (ultimate) target constructor completes, or when the outermost delegating constructor completes. Subclause 14.3 [except.ctor] paragraph 4 suggests it is the former:

If the compound-statement of the function-body of a delegating constructor for an object exits via an exception, the object's destructor is invoked. ...